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Elements and Performance Criteria

  1. Confirm groundwater data requirements with supervisor
  2. Prepare for groundwater sampling and monitoring
  3. Liaise with drillers during establishment of wells and bores
  4. Conduct representative sampling of groundwater
  5. Conduct field testing of groundwater
  6. Process and interpret groundwater data
  7. Maintain a safe work environment

Range Statement

This field allows for different work environments and conditions that may affect performance. Essential operating conditions that may be present (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) are included.

Legislation, regulations, standards, codes, workplace procedures and requirements include the latest version of one or more of:

federal legislation, such as the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, and National Environmental Protection Measures

state/territory government legislation and local government by-laws, policies, regulations and plans dealing with land use, acquisition, planning and protection; water and water management; pollution and contaminated sites; mining operations

legislation, standards and codes of practice for work health and safety (WHS) and handling of dangerous goods

government policies dealing with sustainable development and environmental impact assessment

Australian and international standards covering environmental management, such as AS/NZS ISO 14000 Basic Set:2007 Environmental Management Basic Set; and sampling of groundwater, such as AS/NZS 5667 Water quality series

industry guidelines, such as Australian Drinking Water Guidelines; Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh And Marine Water Quality; and Geoscience Australia’s field guide for groundwater sampling and analysis

registration/licensing and/or accreditation requirements

information for specific sites, such as applicable legislative requirements and approval requirements, site access and work schedules, groundwater monitoring, sampling and in-situ test procedures

workplace documents, such as standard operating procedures (SOPs); equipment manuals and warranties; job hazard analyses; work method statements; safety data sheets (SDS) and safe work procedures; waste minimisation, containment, processing and safe disposal procedures.

Workplace procedures for field activities include one or more of:

use of field notebooks or log books

standard operating procedures covering fieldwork, sampling and testing

equipment operating manuals, calibration procedures, instrument fault-finding procedures and general maintenance and repair procedures

emergency, first aid and survival procedures

requirements related to protection of the environment

use of incident/accident/injury report forms.

Sampling/monitoring plans include one or more of:

purpose of sampling, such as:

identification of aquifers, leakage and hydraulic connection of aquifers

assessment of groundwater movement, flow, recharge and discharge and quality

assessment of salt, nutrients, pesticides and other contaminants

sampling criteria, such as:

spatial and depth distribution within target

depth to water level for shallow/deep aquifers

contamination potential and land use

nature of recharge/discharge mechanisms

diversity of groundwater use

bore accessibility and bore equipment availability

sampling frequency/duration depending on purpose, such as level, quality indicators (e.g. temperature and electrical conductivity), long-term quality parameters and could be continuous, hourly, daily, monthly, quarterly, six monthly, annual and long term.

Site and sampling hazards include one or more of:

risk of surface collapse around old wells

unsafe stages and ladders

working in confined spaces, such as wells, boreholes, wellheads and basements

exposure to contaminated groundwater and confined space atmospheres

solar radiation, dust and noise

handling bulky or heavy equipment.

Safe working procedures include one or more of:

use of safety harness, suitable clothing and boots, sunglasses, hat and gloves and sunscreen

use of breathing apparatus

ensuring two persons are present during sampling of wells (one at the surface)

testing of atmosphere for oxygen deficiency and flammable/toxic vapours

working upwind of known contaminants

prohibition of eating, drinking and smoking

separation of heavy equipment into smaller units/cases for transport

location and avoidance of site utility services

securing and counterbalancing of pumps and water filled hoses down the hole

testing and earthing of electrical generators, trip out devices and connectors (especially at waterlogged sites)

shielding of hot surfaces and exhausts

careful handling of glass containers and preservatives

regular medical checks

access to drinking water, first aid equipment and mobile phone.

Drilling and construction of wells and bores includes one or more of:

drilling techniques, such as auger, rotary air, rotary mud, cable tool, direct push technologies, sonic drilling and vibro coring

bore construction techniques, such as:

use of PVC, stainless steel and fibreglass casings

mechanical casing joints

screen and gravel packs

cement or bentonite seals

lockable caps, bore name and ID label

piezometer construction techniques, such as:

shallow piezometers

bundled mini piezometers.

Purging and field sampling equipment include one or more of:

Teflon, glass and stainless steel items

bailers and cords, and syringe devices

air-lift, suction-lift, gas operated, bladder, submersible, inertial (foot pump) and submersible piston pumps

inlet screens

flow meter water sampler

groundsheets, scrubbing brushes, hoses, buckets, jerry cans and waste containers

cables, batteries, generator and air compressor

tripods, stands, swivelling blocks and tools

eskies and ice

and will vary according to the position of the sampler intake, purge criteria used and composition of the groundwater to be sampled.

Sample preparation and transport include one or more of:

filtering groundwater samples using syringes, filter capsules and hand operated pumps

sample preparation for major and minor chemistry, nutrients and isotope analysis

sampling and filtration for incubated microbiology samples

collecting samples of dissolved and entrained or evolving gases

labelling and packing of samples to ensure integrity, traceability, preservation and prevention of cross-contamination during transit

sample delivery within specified holding times.

Field testing equipment and instruments include one or more of:

maps, global positioning system (GPS), two-way radio and mobile phone

tape measures and weights, plopper/samplers and water level meters

flow cells

parameter specific meter or multi-probes, such as dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, nitrates, phosphates and temperature

field test kits for parameters such as dissolved gases, chemical anions and cations, heavy metals, E. coli and biological oxygen demand (BOD)

portable colorimeters and field microscopes

portable gas analyser for CH4, O2, CO2, CO and H2S

sterile sample bottles and other sample containers specific to analytical method

reagents, calibration solutions and cleaning solutions

media/substrates for presence or absence microbiology field tests

filters and sieves

data loggers and digital camera

equipment manuals and sampling/testing procedures.

Field measurements/tests include one or more of:

measuring depth of bores and water levels

pH and temperature

electrical conductivity

dissolved oxygen

redox potential

alkalinity using burette titration and alkalinity titrator

presence or absence microbiology field tests

field gas analysis for CH4,O2, CO2, CO and H2S.

Field observations and data include one or more of:

sampling point name, location, time, date and type

nature of aquifer and water bearing strata

well/bore dimensions and description of conditions

pumping status, depth of pump suction and/or discharge

water level within well or borehole

method of sampling and depth of sampling

sample appearance when collected (colour, clarity and odour)

results of on-site analysis (e.g. pH, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen)

details of sample preservation techniques used

details of on-site filtration (e.g. filter pore size)

details of sample storage method required/used

name of sample collector.

WHS requirements include:

compliance with relevant federal/state/territory WHS legislation at all times

assuming that samples are potentially hazardous and applying standard precautions

accessing and applying current industry understanding of infection control issued by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and state/territory Departments of Health, where relevant.


Performance Evidence

Evidence of competence in this unit must satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria, and include demonstration of:

collecting representative samples of groundwater in accordance with a site sampling plan for at least two (2) sites

measuring bore conditions and conducting reliable field tests of groundwater parameters on at least two (2) sites

planning and preparing for field activities

interpreting and applying groundwater sampling/monitoring plans and procedures for sites, including requirements covering pre-treatment, containers, preservation, storage, labelling and traceability

recognising site hazards and applying safe work procedures during sampling, testing and transport to and from site

communicating effectively with site personnel, drillers and supervisors about issues such as site access and permits, site operations, scheduling of sampling/testing and environmental requirements

demonstrating correct and safe use and calibration of field instruments and/or equipment

identifying atypical sampling conditions and samples and taking appropriate action

identifying and rectifying basic instrument faults

calculating results using appropriate units/precision

identifying atypical results as out-of-normal range or an artefact

seeking advice when issues/problems are beyond scope of competence/responsibility

cleaning, decontaminating and maintaining purging/sampling equipment

following relevant legislative requirements for the disposal of waste and the preservation of the environment

preparing accurate records of groundwater sampling, site observations and measurements

producing concise and accurate reports within the agreed timeframe.


Knowledge Evidence

Must provide evidence that demonstrates knowledge of:

terminology used to describe aquifers, drilling/construction of wells and bores, and groundwater sampling/testing procedures

principles of representative sampling and field testing of common groundwater parameters

preservation of the integrity of samples

maintaining identification of samples relative to their source, workplace and/or legal traceability requirements

typical values of groundwater parameters, common pollutants/contaminants

links between quality control, quality assurance, quality management systems and sampling procedures

workplace procedures dealing with legislative requirements for the handling, labelling and transport of hazardous goods

common site hazards, links between safe work procedures and personal and environmental safety, particularly at high risk sites.